置换检验

def solve():
    from sklearn.datasets import load_iris
    import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
    import numpy as np
    iris = load_iris()
    setosa = iris.data[iris.target == ____, ____]
    versicolor = iris.data[iris.target == ____, ____]
    observed_diff = np.mean(____) - np.mean(____)
    combined = np.concatenate(____)
    n_setosa = len(____)
    n_permutations = ____
    perm_diffs = []
    for _ in range(____):
        np.random.shuffle(____)
        perm_setosa = combined[:n_setosa]
        perm_versicolor = combined[n_setosa:]
        perm_diffs.append(np.mean(____) - np.mean(____))
    perm_diffs = np.array(____)
    p_value = np.sum(np.abs(____) >= np.abs(____)) / n_permutations
    print(____)
    print(____)
    print(____)
    plt.figure(figsize=(____, ____))
    plt.hist(____)
    plt.axvline(____)
    plt.xlabel(____)
    plt.ylabel(____)
    plt.title(____)
    plt.legend()
    plt.grid(____)
    plt.show()